| Interjection | Noun? | Verb? | Signifies |
| aah | aahs, aahed, aahing | wonder, enlightenment | |
| aargh | dismay | ||
| aarrgh | dismay | ||
| aarrghh | dismay | ||
| ach | dismay | ||
| achoo | a sneeze | ||
| addio | goodbye | ||
| adieu | adieus, adieux | farewell | |
| adios | goodbye | ||
| ah | ahs, ahing, ahed | surprise, joy | |
| aha | sudden comprehension | ||
| ahchoo | a sneeze | ||
| ahem | delicate interruption | ||
| ahoy | hailing another vessel | ||
| aikona | (Bantu) it is not; no | ||
| alack alackaday | grief | ||
| alannah | alannahs | my child!; also a term of address | |
| alas | grief | ||
| alew | alews | urging on hounds, same as HALLOO | |
| alleluia | alleluias | praise to God | |
| alleluiah | alleluiahs | praise to God | |
| allons | (French) let's go | ||
| aloha | alohas | (Hawaiian) greeting or farewell | |
| amen | amens | amens, amened, amening | so be it |
| anan | in a moment! coming! | ||
| anon | in a moment! coming! | ||
| apage | away, depart, as in 'apage Satanas' | ||
| argh | dismay | ||
| arrah | (Irish) wonder etc | ||
| arriba | (Spanish) pleasure or approval | ||
| arrivederci | (Italian) till we meet again | ||
| atishoo | atishoos | a sneeze | |
| attaboy | encouragement | ||
| attagirl | expressing encouragment to a female | ||
| avanti | forward | ||
| avast | hold fast! | ||
| aw | disappointment, sympathy etc | ||
| aweel | well, well then | ||
| ay | ays | yes | |
| aye | ayes | yes | |
| baccare | back! Stand back! | ||
| backare | back! Stand back! | ||
| bah | contempt | ||
| banzai | banzais | (Japanese) warlike shout | |
| barley | barleys | (Scots) a call for truce | |
| basta | enough; stop! | ||
| bedad | (Irish) by God | ||
| begad | (Irish) by God | ||
| begar | begars | (Shakesp.) by God | |
| begorah | (Irish) by God | ||
| begorra | (Irish) by God | ||
| begorrah | (Irish) by God | ||
| bejabers bejabbers bejeebers | (Irish) by Jesus | ||
| bejeezus | (Irish) by Jesus | ||
| bejesus | bejesuses | (Irish) by Jesus | |
| benedicite | benedicites | bless you; (noun) a grace at table, a blessing | |
| beneplacito | good pleasure; by your leave | ||
| bethankit | bethankits | God be thanked; (noun) a grace | |
| bingo | bingos | full house at the game of bingo | |
| bismillah | in the name of Allah | ||
| bitte | (German) pardon? | ||
| blast | blasts | blasts, blasted, blasting | annoyance |
| bliksem | (S. Afr.) expressing surprise | ||
| blimey | surprise | ||
| blimy | surprise | ||
| boh | bohs | to startle someone | |
| boing | boings | boings, boinged, boinging | the sound of a bouncing impact |
| boink | boinks | boinks, boinked, boinking | the sound of a bouncing impact |
| bonjour | good day | ||
| bonsoir | good evening | ||
| boo | boos | boos, booed, booing | making jump; disapproval |
| bosh | nonsense | ||
| botheration | botherations | expressing irritation; (noun) a minor nuisance | |
| brava | bravas | well done (to a woman) | |
| bravi | well done (to a number of people) | ||
| bravissimo | (Ital.) very well done! | ||
| bravo | bravos | bravoes, bravoed, bravoing | well done (to a man) |
| brr | shivering | ||
| brrr | shivering | ||
| bugger | buggers | buggers, buggered, buggering | annoyance; noun and verb forms from other meanings |
| bumpsadaisy | An exclamation on bumping into someone or something, or to a child on falling | ||
| byrlady | a mild oath: by our Lady | ||
| byrlakin | a mild oath: by our Lady | ||
| caese | enough said | ||
| caramba | (Spanish) annoyance, surprise etc | ||
| ceas | enough said | ||
| changa | (Hinglish) expressing approval or agreement | ||
| cheerio | cheerios | farewell | |
| cheero | cheeros | farewell | |
| chimo | (Inuit) greeting | ||
| choof | choofs | choofs, choofed, choofing | (Aust. sl.) vamoose, go away |
| chur | (NZ) an informal expression of agreement | ||
| chut | (French) impatience | ||
| ciao | (Italian) goodbye | ||
| congrats | congratulations | ||
| cooee | cooees | cooees, cooeed, cooeeing | calling at a distance |
| cooey | cooeys | cooeys, cooeyed, cooeying | calling at a distance |
| coraggio | courage! | ||
| cracky | a mild oath | ||
| crickey | a mild oath | ||
| cricky | a mild oath | ||
| crikey | a mild oath | ||
| crimine | surprise or impatience | ||
| crimini criminy | criminis | surprise or impatience | |
| cripe | a mild oath | ||
| cripes | a mild oath | ||
| crivens | (Scots) dismay | ||
| crivvens | (Scots) dismay | ||
| cushty | pleasure or agreement | ||
| damme | = damn me | ||
| dammit | = damn it | ||
| damn | damns | damns, damned, damning | exasperation |
| dang | dangs | dangs, danged, danging | = damn, exasperation |
| darnation | darnations | exasperation | |
| deek | look at, see [Romany dik, to look, see] | ||
| deffo | definitely | ||
| defo | definitely | ||
| deuce | deuces | deuces, deucing, deuced | annoyance; (verb) to bring a game of tennis to a tie |
| duh | an ironic response to a question | ||
| dumela | (S. Afr.) hello, good morning | ||
| ecce | behold, here is | ||
| ecco | behold, here is | ||
| ecod | a mild oath | ||
| eek | fright | ||
| egad | a mild oath | ||
| egads | a mild oath | ||
| eh | ehs, ehing, ehed | inquiry | |
| eina | (Afrikaans) expressing sudden pain | ||
| eish | (S. Afr.) surprise, dismay | ||
| entrez | (French) come in | ||
| er | ers (a plant) | hesitation | |
| erm | hesitation or doubt | ||
| euge | (Greek) well done | ||
| euoi | Bacchic frenzy | ||
| eureka | eurekas | discovery | |
| evhoe | Bacchic frenzy | ||
| evoe | Bacchic frenzy | ||
| evohe | Bacchic frenzy | ||
| ewhow | alas! | ||
| excelsior | excelsiors | higher! further!; (noun) wood shavings used for packing | |
| faith | faiths | faiths, faithed, faithing | by my faith, indeed; (verb) to believe |
| faix | faith! | ||
| faugh | contempt, disgust | ||
| fegs | a mild oath | ||
| fiddlestick fiddledee | nonsense! | ||
| fiddlesticks | nonsense! | ||
| fie | reproach; (adj.) fey: FIER, FIEST | ||
| floreat floreant | may it flourish, may they flourish | ||
| foh | disgust | ||
| forsooth | in truth; indeed | ||
| fuck | fucks | fucks, fucked, fucking | displeasure; (verb) to copulate with |
| fudge | fudges | fudges, fudged, fudging | mild expletive; noun and verb forms from other meanings |
| fy | reproach | ||
| gad | gads | gads, gadded, gadding | euphemism for God; noun and verb forms from other meanings |
| gadso | surprise | ||
| gadzooks | a mild oath | ||
| gardyloo | gardyloos | a warning cry given when throwing slops from the window into the street; (noun) the slops so thrown | |
| gawd | gawds | god | |
| gee | gees, geed, geeing | surprise; (verb) to urge on | |
| geez | consternation | ||
| geddit | do you get it? | ||
| gemini | surprise | ||
| gemony | surprise | ||
| geronimo | a shout given by US paratroopers as they jump into battle | ||
| gertcha | get away, get along | ||
| gesundheit | (German) your health (said to someone who has just sneezed). | ||
| giddap | gee up | ||
| gidday | good day | ||
| giddup | gee up | ||
| giddyap | gee up | ||
| giddyup | gee up | ||
| gimme | gimmes | give me!; (noun) a conceded golf putt | |
| godden | goddens | a dialect variant of good evening | |
| godso | surprise | ||
| godspeed | godspeeds | goodwill at parting | |
| goldarn | goldarns | anger | |
| goldurn | goldurns | anger | |
| golly | gollies | gollies, gollying, gollied | surprise or admiration; (noun) a golliwog; (verb) to spit |
| goodby | goodbys | ||
| goodbye | goodbyes | ||
| goodness | goodnesses | surprise | |
| goodnight | goodnights | ||
| goody | goodies | childish pleasure | |
| gor | God | ||
| gorblimey | surprise | ||
| gorblimy | surprise | ||
| gosh | euphemism for God | ||
| gracious | surprise | ||
| gramercy | gramercies | gratitude or surprise | |
| gup | gups | remonstrance; (noun) gossip | |
| ha | surprise | ||
| hadaway | urging someone on | ||
| haeremai | haeremais | (Maori) welcome | |
| hah | hahs | surprise etc | |
| haith | by my faith! | ||
| hallaloo | hallaloos | hail | |
| halleluiah | halleluiahs | a song of praise to God | |
| hallelujah | hallelujahs | a song of praise to God | |
| hallo | hallos | halloes, halloed, halloing | greeting |
| halloa | halloas | halloas, halloaed, halloaing | greeting |
| halloo | halloos | halloos, hallooed, hallooing | greeting |
| hamba | (S. Afr.) go away! | ||
| haw | haws | haws, hawed, hawing | hesitation |
| hech | surprise | ||
| heck | hecks | consternation; (noun) a grating | |
| heehaw | heehaws, heehawing, heehawed | expressing the sound of a donkey | |
| heigh | a cry of enquiry, encouragement | ||
| hello | hellos | helloes, helloed, helloing | greeting |
| heureka | heurekas | discovery | |
| hewgh | the whistling of an arrow | ||
| hey | heys | heys, heyed, heying | calling attention |
| hi | calling attention | ||
| hic | a hiccup | ||
| hillo | hillos | hilloes, hilloed, hilloing | greeting |
| hilloa | hilloas | hilloas, hilloaed, hilloaing | greeting |
| hip | hips | hips, hipped, hipping | approbation; noun and verb forms form other meanings |
| hist | hists, histed, histing | attracting attention | |
| hiya | greeting | ||
| hm | hesitation | ||
| hmm | hesitation | ||
| ho | hos | calling attention, expressing surprise | |
| hoa | hoas, hoaed, hoaing | expressing surprise | |
| hoh | hohs, hohed, hohing | calling attention, expressing surprise | |
| hoi | attracting attention | ||
| holla | hollas | hollas, hollaed, hollaing | greeting |
| holloa | holloas | holloas, holloaed, holloaing | greeting |
| hollo | hollos | holloes, holloed, holloing | greeting |
| holloo | holloos | holloos, hollooed, hollooing | greeting |
| hongi | hongis | hongis, hongiing, hongied | (Maori) greeting, touching nose to nose |
| hoo | boisterous emotion | ||
| hooey | nonsense, rubbish | ||
| hoorah | hoorahs | hoorahs, hoorahed, hoorahing | cheering |
| hooray | hoorays | hoorays, hoorayed, hooraying | cheering |
| hooroo | goodbye, cheerio | ||
| hoosh | hooshes, hooshed, hooshing | used to drive away animals | |
| horsefeathers | nonsense! | ||
| hosanna | hosannas | hosannas, hosannaed, hosannaing | praise or adoration |
| hosannah | hosannahs | praise or adoration | |
| howdie | howdies, howdied, howdying | greeting | |
| howzit | a greeting | ||
| hoy | hoys | hoys, hoyed, hoying | calling attention |
| huddup | get up (to a horse) | ||
| huh | contempt | ||
| huic | an interjection to encourage hounds | ||
| hullo | hullos | hulloes, hulloed, hulloing | greeting |
| hulloa | hulloas | hulloas, hulloaed, hulloaing | greeting |
| hulloo | hulloos | hulloos, hullooing, hullooed | to hail |
| humf | humfs, humfed, humfing | contempt, doubt, etc | |
| humph | humphs, humphed, humphing | contempt, doubt, etc | |
| hunh | requesting repeating of an utterance | ||
| hup | hups, hupped, hupping | go on, go faster | |
| hurra | hurras, hurraed, hurraing | cheering | |
| hurrah | hurrahs, hurrahed, hurrahing | cheering | |
| hurray | hurrays, hurrayed, hurraying | cheering | |
| huzza | huzzas, huzzaed, huzzaing | cheering | |
| huzzah | huzzahs, huzzahed, huzzahing | cheering | |
| ichabod | 'the glory is departed' | ||
| ick | disgust | ||
| igad | a mild oath | ||
| imshi | (army slang) go away | ||
| imshy | (army slang) go away | ||
| innit | isn't it, used as tag | ||
| inshallah | if Allah wills | ||
| io | ios | joy, triumph, grief | |
| isit | (S. Afr.) indicating attention | ||
| ja | yes | ||
| jai | (Hindi) victory (to) | ||
| jambo | an E. African salutation | ||
| jeepers | surprise. | ||
| jeez | consternation | ||
| jiminy | surprise | ||
| jimminy | surprise | ||
| jinne | (Afrikaans) expressing surprise, shock | ||
| jirre | (Afrikaans) expressing surprise, shock | ||
| jokol | yes carl | ||
| jordeloo | jordeloos | a warning cry given when throwing slops from the window into the street; (noun) the slops so thrown | |
| kasme | (Hinglish) I swear | ||
| kerchoo | a sneeze | ||
| alackaday lackaday | regret or deprecation | ||
| lawk | surprise | ||
| lawks | surprise | ||
| lo | see, look | ||
| lor | a mild oath = lord | ||
| lordy | a mild oath | ||
| losh | a mild oath | ||
| lud | luds | a mild oath = lord | |
| lumme lummy | surprise | ||
| marry | marries, married, marrying, marrieds | expostulation; verb/noun forms from other meaning | |
| mazeltov | (Yiddish) congratulations | ||
| merde | merdes | (French) shit | |
| mm | agreement | ||
| moryah | (Irish) expressing annoyance, disbelief | ||
| murdabad | (Urdu) death to | ||
| musha | (Irish) surprise | ||
| mwah | the sound of a kiss | ||
| nah | no | ||
| namaskar | namaskars | (India) greeting, accompanied by a slight bow with the palms pressed together before the chest or face. | |
| namaste | namastes | (India) greeting, accompanied by a slight bow with the palms pressed together before the chest or face. | |
| naw | no | ||
| nerts | disgust | ||
| nertz | disgust | ||
| no | nos, noes | negation | |
| nooit | (Afrikaans) expressing pleased surprise or shock | ||
| nope | no | ||
| och | dismay | ||
| ochone | (Irish) lamentation | ||
| odso | surprise | ||
| odzooks | a mild oath | ||
| oh | ohs, ohed, ohing | surprise etc | |
| oho | knowingness | ||
| ohone | (Irish) lamentation | ||
| oi | drawing attention | ||
| okeh | okehs | approval | |
| okeydoke | approval | ||
| okeydokey | approval | ||
| ole | oles | (Spanish) approval | |
| omigod | expressing consternation | ||
| ooh | oohs, oohed, oohing | consternation etc | |
| oons | God's wounds | ||
| oops | dismay | ||
| ou | concession | ||
| ouch | ouches | ouches, ouched, ouching | expressing pain; (noun) a socket in which a precious stone is set; (verb) to set a precious stone in a socket |
| outasight | excellent! | ||
| ow | expressing pain | ||
| oyes | oyeses, oyesses | the call of a public crier for attention before making a proclamation | |
| oyez | oyezes | the call of a public crier for attention before making a proclamation | |
| pah | pahs | contempt; (noun) a New Zealand hill fort | |
| pardee | assuredly, by God | ||
| pardi | assuredly, by God | ||
| pardie | assuredly, by God | ||
| pardy | assuredly, by God | ||
| peccavi | peccavis | admitting sin or guilt | |
| perdie | assuredly, by God | ||
| perdy | assuredly, by God | ||
| perfay | by my faith! | ||
| pfft | sudden ending | ||
| pfui | scorn, contempt | ||
| phew | relief, astonishment etc | ||
| pho | phos | disgust | |
| phoh | disgust | ||
| phooey | scorn, contempt | ||
| phpht | mild irritation or annoyance | ||
| pht | mild irritation or annoyance | ||
| phwoah | sexual attraction | ||
| phwoar | sexual attraction | ||
| pish | pishes, pished, pishing | contempt | |
| pitikins | as in ods pitikins | ||
| plaudite | an appeal for applause at the conclusion of a play or other performance | ||
| poh | contempt | ||
| poof | poofs | contempt, dismissal; (noun) a male homosexual | |
| pooh | poohs, poohed, poohing | contempt | |
| powwaw | pooh | ||
| prithee | expressing a wish or request | ||
| proface | good wishes at meals | ||
| prosit | a toast to good health | ||
| prost | a toast to good health | ||
| prythee | expressing a wish or request | ||
| pshaw | pshaws, pshawed, pshawing | contempt, disdain, dislike, etc | |
| psst | attracting attention | ||
| pst | attracting attention | ||
| ptooey ptui | expressing the sound of someone spitting | ||
| pugh | contempt | ||
| puh | disgust | ||
| quaere | quaeres | inquire (suggesting doubt, or desirability of investigation); (noun) a query | |
| quep | remonstrance | ||
| quotha | surprise or contempt | ||
| rabboni | rabbonis | (Hebrew) my great master | |
| rah | rahs, rahed, rahing | approbation | |
| righto | cheerful consent | ||
| rivo | a drinking-cry | ||
| salaam | salaams | salaams, salaamed, salaaming | salutation; (verb) to perform a low bow with palm on forehead |
| salve | salves | salves, salved, salving | a greeting; (noun, verb) ointment |
| salvete | salvetes | a greeting, = SALVE but to more than one person | |
| sapperment | a German oath | ||
| sayonara | sayonaras | (Japanese) goodbye | |
| sese | enough said | ||
| sesey | enough said | ||
| sessa | enough said | ||
| sh | requesting silence | ||
| sha | requesting silence | ||
| shabash | (Hinglish) bravo, well done | ||
| shalom | shaloms | (Jewish) peace, used as a salutation at meeting or parting: peace | |
| shh | requesting silence | ||
| shazam | a magical invocation | ||
| sheesh | expressing consternation or surprise | ||
| sholom | sholoms | (Jewish) peace, used as a salutation at meeting or parting: peace | |
| shoo | shoos, shooed, shooing | driving away | |
| shucks | deprecation | ||
| sies | (S. Afr.) expressing disgust | ||
| sirree | sirrees | used for emphasis with yes or no | |
| sithee | look here | ||
| sjoe | (S. Afr.) expressing surprise, admiration | ||
| skoal | skoals, skoaled, skoaling | a drinking toast; (verb) to propose such a toast | |
| skol | a drinking toast | ||
| slainte | good health! | ||
| soho | a huntsman's halloo | ||
| sonties | a mild oath | ||
| sooey | used to call pigs | ||
| st | requesting silence | ||
| strewth | a mild oath | ||
| ta | tas | expressing thanks. | |
| taihoa | (Maori) hold on! | ||
| tallyho | tallyhos | tallyhos, tallyhoed, tallyhoing | (noun) a hunting cry given on the sighting of the quarry; (verb) to give this cry. |
| tantivy | tantivies | imitative of a hunting horn; (noun) a headlong gallop | |
| tarantara | tarantaras | tarantaras, tarantaraed, tarantaraing | imitative of a hunting cry; (noun) a hunting cry; (verb) to make this |
| taratantara | taratantaras | taratantaras taratantaraed taratantaraing | imitative of a hunting cry; (noun) a hunting cry; (verb) to make this |
| thankee | thank you | ||
| toho | a hunter's call to pointers or setters to stop | ||
| toots | tootses, tootsed, tootsing | (Scots) disapproval | |
| troggs | by my troth | ||
| tsk | tsks, tsked, tsking | disapproval | |
| tsktsk | tsktsks, tsktsked, tsktsking | disapproval | |
| tush | tushes, tushed, tushing | disapproval | |
| tut | tuts, tutted, tutting | rebuke, mild disapprobation | |
| tuts | tuts, tutsed, tutsing | (Scots) rebuke, mild disapprobation | |
| uds | a mild oath: God's or God save | ||
| ugh | ughs | repugnance | |
| uh | surprise | ||
| um | ums, umming, ummed | doubt or hesitation | |
| umm | doubt or hesitation | ||
| umph | doubt or dissatisfaction | ||
| unberufen | (German) an exclamation to avert ill luck following boasting | ||
| upadaisy upsadaisy | said to a child who has fallen over | ||
| upsey | upseys | a bacchanalian cry; (noun) a carousal | |
| ur | hesitation | ||
| vale | vales | (Latin) farewell, to one person | |
| valete | valetes | (Latin) farewell, to more than one person | |
| varoom | varooms, varoomed, varooming | the sound of an engine revving or of a car travelling at high speed | |
| viva | vivas | vivas, vivaed, vivaing | long live |
| vivat | vivats | long live | |
| voila | (French) there it is | ||
| voertsak voertsek voetsak voetsek | (S. Afr.) an offensive expression of rejection | ||
| vroom | vrooms, vroomed, vrooming | the sound of an engine revving or of a car travelling at high speed | |
| waly | walies | alas! Pl. is from noun WALY, finery. | |
| waesuck | pity, alas! | ||
| waesucks | pity, alas! | ||
| jinne | (Afrikaans) expressing surprise, shock | ||
| wassup | what's up | ||
| wayleggo | (NZ) a shepherd's call to his dog | ||
| welladay | alas | ||
| welladays | alas | ||
| wellanear | alas | ||
| wellaway | alas | ||
| wellaways | alas | ||
| whammo | whammos | violent impact | |
| whamo | violent impact | ||
| whang | whangs | whangs, whanged, whanging | imitative of a resounding impact |
| whee | delight | ||
| wheesh | wheeshes, wheeshed, wheeshing | calling for silence | |
| wheesht | wheeshts, wheeshted, wheeshting | calling for silence | |
| wheugh | wheughs, wheughed, wheughing whews, whewed, whewing | wonder, relief | |
| whew | whews, whewed, whewing | wonder, relief | |
| whish | whishes, whished, whishing | imitative of a rushing sound or movement; (verb) to rush, whiz | |
| whisht wisht | whishts, whishted, whishting | calling for silence | |
| whoa | stop | ||
| whoopee whoopie | an exclamation of delight | ||
| whoops | concern | ||
| whoosh | whooshes, whooshed, whooshing | imitative of something large rushing through the air; (verb) to make this sound | |
| whow | being impressed | ||
| wilco | cooperation | ||
| wirra | sorrow | ||
| wisha | surprise [Irish mhuis] | ||
| woohoo | joy, approval | ||
| wotcha | greeting | ||
| wotcher | greeting | ||
| wow | wows, wowed, wowing | being impressed; (verb) to impress e.g. an audience | |
| wowee | being impressed | ||
| yah | yahs | derision | |
| yay | yays | enthusiastic affirmation | |
| yeah | affirmation | ||
| yebo | (S. Afr.) yes, I agree | ||
| yecch | yecchs | disgust | |
| yech | yechs | disgust | |
| yeh | affirmation | ||
| yep | yeps | affirmation | |
| yes | yeses | yesses, yessed, yessing | affirmation |
| yike | alarm | ||
| yikes | alarm | ||
| yipe | fear or surprise | ||
| yipes | fear or surprise | ||
| yippee | delight | ||
| yo | calling for effort or attention | ||
| yoick | yoicks, yoicked, yoicking | a hunting cry to urge the hounds after the fox | |
| yoicks | yoickses, yoicksed, yoicksing | a hunting cry to urge the hounds after the fox | |
| yoop | yoops | representing a sobbing sound | |
| yucch | disgust | ||
| yuch | disgust | ||
| yuk | yuks, yukked, yukking | disgust; (verb) to laugh loudly | |
| yum | expressing relish | ||
| yummy | yummies | expressing relish; (adj.) delicious: YUMMIER, YUMMIEST | |
| yup | yups | affirmation | |
| zindabad | (Hindi) long live | ||
| zooks | a mild oath (God's hooks) | ||
| zounds | a mild oath (God's wounds) | ||
| zowie | surprise | ||
| zzz | expressing sleep |
Data Protection Act: In joining the ABSP I accept that personal information relating to Scrabble, including my rating and my photograph, may appear on the ABSP website and in ABSP publications. I accept that the ABSP will not be responsible for use or misuse of personal information.
SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property
rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A. by Hasbro Inc., in Canada
by Hasbro Canada Inc. and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear
& Sons Ltd. of Maidenhead SL6 4UB, England, a subsidiary of Mattel
Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro or Hasbro Canada.
ABSP © 2012
